Eyepiece Graticules
The standard size of the eyepiece Graticle is 16,19, and 21 mm. All other sizes are available on request.
A.
SIZE AND POSITION SCALES
Lines
and Crosses

Single
Lines - NE50
For measurement of large objects in conjunction with a graduated mechanical stage, and for alignment as well.
| Pattern | Description | Dia. | Catalog | Price | |
| NE50 | Single Line, nominal width 0.02mm. Image
covers entire field of view. Surface chrome image |
16mm | 67982-16 | 90.00 | |
| 19mm | 67982-19 | 90.00 | |||
| 21mm | 67982-21 | 90.00 |

Cross
Lines - NE8, NE81, NE82
Used as NE50 but for measurements in two directions and for sighting and alignment. Image covers the entire field of view.

Broken
Crosslines - NE56
Used as above. Broken lines enable fine detail to beseen at the breaks. A thin boundary would be lost behind a a continuous line.
| Pattern | Description | DIa. | Catalog | Price | |
| NE56 | Broken cross lines. Image covers the
entire field of view. Surface chrome image. |
16mm | 67985-16 | 90.00 | |
| 19mm | 67985-19 | 90.00 | |||
| 21mm | 67985-21 | 90.00 |

Crossed
Gauge Lines - NE53
Use as crossed lines, but for the measuring of distances between thelines. Greater accuracy can be obtained by locatng the specimen detail between the graticules gauge pair.

Horizontal & Vertical
Scales - NE1, NE2, NE5, NE20, NE28, NE31, NE41
These scales are used for the measuring of lengths of specimen or distances between points on a variety of different shaped objects. NE1scale showed: This eyepiece graticule has an overall length of 10.00mm with 100 subdivisions of 0.1mm. When used with a x10 objective each division will represent 10 microns on the specimen. By dividing the division of the chosen graticule by the magnification of the objective one obtains an approximate value that each division will represent on the stage.

Crossed
Scales - NE17, NE18
Used as a horizontal and a vertical scale, they are especially useful when interested in measurement in different axis.

Scales
with Crosslines - NE7, NE77
Used as a horizontal and a vertical scale, they are especially useful when interested in measurement in different axis.
Squares
and Grids
Note: These scales may need to be calibrated, according to intended use. There are a number of uses for the grids and squares listed and they will largely depend on the individual user's application.
EYEPIECE SCALES:
- Sectoring: A squared graticule might be used for the systematic examination of a specimen. Some of the squared patterns are numbered to aid in the identification of areas of interest. Sectioning is particularly useful for making drawings of specimens onto graph paper. The chess-board type of pattern helps the user to distinguish the position being examined: the darker squares are translucent, while the lighter ones are transparent, avoiding eyestrain in prolonged counting as many be necessary in hematology. These patterns provide the same advantages when used with image analysis and capture devices.
- Counting: A squared graticule can be used for counting. Here the basic principle is that a small area of the specimen is analyzed in order to obtain information about the total area. This minimizes wasteful work enabling simple analysis of a paricular area. An example of this would be the comparison of large to small particles in a specimen. By using the Miller craticule (NE57) only the smaller particules in the small square are counted, the result being multiplied by ten for comparison with the number of larger particles in the large square.
- Squared Grids: Squared grids can be used in particle size analysis as simple technical aids where sophisticated image analysis systems are not required. The areas of the particles to be measured can be estimated by simply counting the number of squares occupied by those particles. It is necessary to estimate fractions of a square or make a rule (e.g. count as a square all partly covered squares at the right and bottom sides of the grid, and ignore partly covered squares at the left and upper sides of the squares). This method would only be useful for a fairly crude estimation of a large diameter.

Squared
Grids - NE10, NE11, NE34
Simple grids are convenient for making sketches of the obseved speimen on graph paper. They are also useful for particle counting.

Indexed
Grids - NE10A, NE11A, NE34A
Useful for particle counting, particularly when reference is needed between workers. Also, they are useful for area of specimen determinations.

Indexed
Grids - NE35
Useful for area of specimen determinations, especially rectangular shapes, also for particle counting.
| Pattern | Description | DIa. | Catalog | Price | |
| NE35 | Numbered grid 10mm x 10mm. 1mm indexed squares. Surface chrome image. | 16mm | 68014-16 | 112.00 | |
| 19mm | 68014-19 | 112.00 | |||
| 21mm | 68014-21 | 112.00 |

Chessboard
Squares - NE15
The dark squares are translucent. Used as an alternative to simple grids for area of specimen determination and paricle counting. Alternative light and dark squares help to reduce eyestrain.
| Pattern | Description | DIa. | Catalog | Price | |
| NE15 | Chessboard (net) 2.0mm squares. Surface chrome image. | 16mm | 68008-16 | 218.00 | |
| 19mm | 68008-19 | 218.00 | |||
| 21mm | 68008-21 | 218.00 |

Squares
- NE38
Combines three areas in one for convenience, giving area ratios A:B of 1:3 and B:C of 1:2.
| Pattern | Description | DIa. | Catalog | Price | |
| NE38 | Squares 10mm, 7mm & 4mm. Glass sandwich. | 16mm | 68017-16 | 112.00 | |
| 19mm | 68017-19 | 112.00 | |||
| 21mm | 68017-21 | 112.00 |

Miller
Squares - NE57
The ratio of large to small squares is 9:1. Originally designed for hematology, they can be utilized for rapid counting of any evenly spread field of particle.
| Pattern | Description | DIa. | Catalog | Price | |
| NE57 | Miller 7x7mm grid. Glass sandwich. | 16mm | 68020-16 | 112.00 | |
| 19mm | 68020-19 | 112.00 | |||
| 21mm | 68020-21 | 112.00 |

Whipple
Grid - NE29
Originally designed for water particle analysis, but may be used for other aspects of particle counting. Grid showed: Ratio of full square to smallest is 50:1. Area is 2500:1.
| Pattern | Description | DIa. | Catalog | Price | |
| NE29 | Whipple grid 100 squares in 7mm area. Surface chrome image. | 16mm | 68009-16 | 112.00 | |
| 19mm | 68009-19 | 112.00 | |||
| 21mm | 68009-21 | 112.00 |
Gauges

Concentric
Circles - NE43, NE43, NE44, NE47
Can be used for two-way measurement when calibrated as a micrometer.

Concentric
Circle - NE22
This design leaves the circle clear of obstruction. In addition the
intermediate lines are broken to improve
ease of reading.
| Pattern | Description | DIa. | Catalog | Price | |
| NE22 | Concentric circle 0.5mm - 12mm diameter. 24 circles. Surface chrome image. | 16mm | 68000-16 | 112.00 | |
| 19mm | 68000-19 | 112.00 | |||
| 21mm | 68000-21 | 112.00 |

Gauge
Pairs - NE19
Gauge pairs occupying a field of view of 10mm. Each gauge is proportional
to its adjacent number. The
approximately size of the smallest pair = 0.1mm.
| Pattern | Description | DIa. | Catalog | Price | |
| NE19 | Gauge pairs. Surface chrome image. | 16mm | 68001-16 | 106.00 | |
| 19mm | 68001-19 | 106.00 | |||
| 21mm | 68001-21 | 106.00 |

Full
Protractor - NE45
| Pattern | Description | DIa. | Catalog | Price | |
| NE45 | Full protractor scale 10mm diameter dividedin degrees. Surface chrome image. | 16mm | 68002-16 | 112.00 | |
| 19mm | 68002-19 | 112.00 | |||
| 21mm | 68002-21 | 112.00 |
PARTICLE
SIZING AND DISTRIBUTING
The use of the eyepiece graticules showed in this section make it
possible to analyze specimens containing particles as an alternative,
or in addition to, sieving. Graticules for particle size analysis are
particularly popular when there are only limited quantities of particles
or where particles are smaller than 50 microns in diameter. Typical
substances analyzed are sand grains, soil particles, plant seeds, fertilizers,
abrasives, liquid droplets, pigments, pulverized coal, silica, fibers
and fine dust.
The basic principle employed is to compare particles to the globes and circles
of varying sizes that appear on the graticule – dark particles being
compared to solids globes, and light or transparent ones to the circles. Naturally
the procedure varies with the graticule concerned, more information about which
is given below.
Please note that for calibration the circles and globes will represent particles
smaller in diameter by the magnification of the objective.

Paterson
Globes and Circles - NG1
| Pattern | Description | DIa. | Catalog | Price | |
| NG1 | Paterson globes/circles. Surface chrome image. | 16mm | 68031-16 | 216.00 | |
| 19mm | 68031-19 | 216.00 | |||
| 21mm | 68031-21 | 216.00 |

Porton
- NG2
The circle areas of the Porton greaticules increases with Root 2 progression as do the divisions on the right hand side of the rectangle. These divisions are numbered for convenience. The rectangle size is 4.5mm x .25mm. Circle sizes in microns are 560, 400, 280, 200, 140, 100, 70, 50, and 35. The specimen is racked on the mechanical stage of the microscope and traverses are taken right across thee deposit sizing all the particles encountered.
| Pattern | Description | DIa. | Catalog | Price | |
| NG2 | Original Porton globes/circles. Surface chrome image. | 16mm | 68024-16 | 216.00 | |
| 19mm | 68024-19 | 216.00 | |||
| 21mm | 68024-21 | 216.00 |

New
Porton - NG12
The NG12 is particularly useful since the array of globes and circles are conveniently close to where the particles pass. At the end of each band of the sample the mechanical stage is traversed vertically to take in the next band until the whole sample has been covered.
| Pattern | Description | DIa. | Catalog | Price | |
| NG12 | Modified Porton pattern globes/circles. Surface chrome image. | 16mm | 68032-16 | 216.00 | |
| 19mm | 68032-19 | 216.00 | |||
| 21mm | 68032-21 | 216.00 |

British
Standard Graticule - NG10
In this graticule the circle areas double progressively, hence the
diameters alter by Root 2, so that the size classes can form a continuation
of the standard series of sieves for particle sizing. Each particle
is assigned to a size class defined by two adjacent circles, which
represent the size limits of that class. Thus the distribution of size
is obtained in terms of the diameter of circles having the same projected
area as the particles. This method will cover particles in the range
150 micron to 0.38 micron. The size distributions with respect to their
number and weight are determined separately. Final results are calculated
as cumulative percents.
Originally designed by the National Coal Board for use in coal mining.
| Pattern | Description | DIa. | Catalog | Price | |
| NG10 | British Standard (BS3625/BS3260) Globes & Circles. Surface chrome image. | 16mm | 68026-16 | 216.00 | |
| 19mm | 68026-19 | 216.00 | |||
| 21mm | 68026-21 | 216.00 |

Fairs
- NG5
Designed to extend the sizing range of globe and circle graticules.
Example: Used in conjunction with NG2 the overall size range = 128:1. The circles
increase by 2.
Note: Both graticules would have to be used with the same microscope, eyepiece
and objective.
| Pattern | Description | DIa. | Catalog | Price | |
| NG5 | Fairs. Grid length 4mm. Glass Sandwich. | 16mm | 68033-16 | 216.00 | |
| 19mm | 68033-19 | 216.00 | |||
| 21mm | 68033-21 | 216.00 |

Asbestos
Fiber Analysis
Walton
and Beckett Graticule for Asbestos - G22, G24
Calibration factors are required for each of these graticules. See
note below.
The Walton and Beckett graticule is used for counting fibrous dust (e.g. asbestos
or glass fibers) and is particularly useful where the majority of fibers to
be counted are shorter than 5 microns. The circle is divided into four by two
diametrical lines scaled in units of 5 and 3 microns respectively. 3 and 5
microns are the critical measurements of fiber lengths and diameters used in
fiber counting. Unlike the usual globes of other particle graticules, the Walton
and Beckett have a series of shapes to compare objects with. These shapes have
been designed for comparison with fibers, especially since they incorporate
an aspect ratio of 3:1 or 5:1 essential for such analysis.
IMPORTANT NOTE: The circle on these Walton & Beckett graticules must represent 100 microns at the stage and each one must be manufactured to suit the individual instrument.
Therefore, details should be provided with your order of:
- Calibration factor, if known;
- Objective magnification;
- Eyepiece magnification;
- Diameter of graticule disc required;
- Microscope make and model.
Specialist
Designs

Thompson
- G23
For counting particles in any of three areas of known size. the greaticule is calibrated in the same manner as a normal eyepiece scale. the result is then used to calculate the area of any square.
| Pattern | Description | DIa. | Catalog | Price | |
| G23 | Thompson for dut analysis 10mm, 7mm and 4mm squares. Glass Sandwich. | 16mm | 68090-16 | 260.00 | |
| 19mm | 68090-19 | 260.00 | |||
| 21mm | 68090-21 | 260.00 |

Chalkley
Point Array - NG52
This is used to quickly determine the relationship of components to each other using random sampling. Curtis gives an example of its application, where a researcher may want to see whether or not a certain drug affects the volume proportion of cell types in a given organ. With this graticule the proportion of points lying over the image of one type of component is statistically proportional to the area occupied by that component. The 25 points of the array are placed over the field of view at random, so that a comparison can be made between the number of points touching the one type of component, with number touching the other type of component in each viewing. A series of observations will yield an increasingly accurate ratio of the comparative incidence of each type of particle.
| Pattern | Description | DIa. | Catalog | Price | |
| NG52 | Chalkley point array. Surface chrome image. | 16mm | 68034-16 | 225.00 | |
| 19mm | 68034-19 | 225.00 | |||
| 21mm | 68034-21 | 225.00 |

Pharmaceutical
PSA Pattern - G57
This graticule was designed for the pharmaceutical industry. However, it is also useful where particle size considerations are restricted to 10mm and 25mm. Dots and circles give quick references for these two sizes. In addition a scale is incorporated.
The microscope must be calibrated when ordering this graticule, such that the circle must equate to 1mm on the microscope stage.
| Pattern | Description | DIa. | Catalog | Price | |
| G57 | Pharmaceutical PSA Pattern. Glass Sandwich | 19mm | 68091-19 | 260.00 | |
| 21mm | 68091-21 | 260.00 |

Counting
Pattern - NG14
Simple counting for geological and soil analysis.
| Pattern | Description | DIa. | Catalog | Price | |
| NG14 | Counting pattern for soil analysis, 10mm square. Surface chrome image. | 16mm | 68092-16 | 228.00 | |
| 19mm | 68092-19 | 228.00 | |||
| 21mm | 68092-21 | 228.00 |

Zeiss
Integrating Disc 1 or Henning Reseau Pattern 25 Points - G49
| Pattern | Description | DIa. | Catalog | Price | |
| G49 | Henning Resseau pattern (Zeiss integrating disc 1). Glass Sandwich. | 16mm | 68093-16 | 250.00 | |
| 19mm | 68093-19 | 250.00 | |||
| 21mm | 68093-21 | 250.00 |
Zeiss
Integrating Disc 100 Points - G47
Similar ro G49 but extended to 100 points that are indexed.
| Pattern | Description | DIa. | Catalog | Price | |
| G47 | Zeiss integrating disc 1. Glass Sandwich. | 16mm | 68094-16 | 260.00 | |
| 19mm | 68094-19 | 260.00 | |||
| 21mm | 68094-21 | 260.00 |
C.
STEREOLOGY
In this simplest form, sterology is the science where information about a three dimensional object is obtained from only a two-dimensional section of that structure.
Measurements are usually made with these graticules in the following manner:
- An adequare representation of sections of a specimen is obtained.
- The graticule is superimposed upon the specimen (or micrograph/projected image of the section).
- Finally, the interaction between the superimposed graticule and
teh test sections are recorded
An overall introduction is given by: L.B. Brianrty. "Stereology: Methods for Quantitative Light and Electron Microscopy."

The
Mertz Graticule (36 Points) - NGM1
Used to estimate the three-dimensional surface areas or the surface density of a component in a given volume, when the component does not have a random orientation. It comprises a test system with parallel curved lines used for measuring the intersection of points.
| Pattern | Description | DIa. | Catalog | Price | |
| NGM1 | Mertz for Stereology. Surface chrome image. | 16mm | 68035-16 | 230.00 | |
| 19mm | 68035-19 | 230.00 | |||
| 21mm | 68035-21 | 230.00 |

Weibel
1 - NGW1
Consists of 15 lines of equal length connecting the verticals of a regular hexagonal point network.
| Pattern | Description | DIa. | Catalog | Price | |
| NGW1 | Weibel Type 1 for Stereology | 16mm | 68022-16 | 225.00 | |
| 19mm | 68022-19 | 225.00 | |||
| 21mm | 68022-21 | 225.00 |

Weibel
2 - NGW2
Used when making a surface to volume ratio of a structure per mass unit. This graticule consists of a number of short lines with interruptions as long as the lines. Basically, the number of intersections falling over the short lines is counted and the number of endpoints falling on the end of the structure is determined.
| Pattern | Description | DIa. | Catalog | Price | |
| NGW2 | Weibel Type 2 for Stereology. Surface chrome image. | 16mm | 68025-16 | 225.00 | |
| 19mm | 68025-19 | 225.00 | |||
| 21mm | 68025-21 | 225.00 |

Weibel
3 - GW3
| Pattern | Description | DIa. | Catalog | Price | |
| NGW3 | Mertz for Stereology. Surface chrome image. | 16mm | 68023-16 | 225.00 | |
| 19mm | 68023-19 | 225.00 | |||
| 21mm | 68023-21 | 225.00 |
D.
METALLURGY
Standard pattern discs for metallurgical stereometric analysis of grain size in polished metal sections.

ASTM
Austenite 1:1 Grain Sizing Disc - G41
| Pattern | Description | DIa. | Catalog | Price | |
| G41 | ASTM Grain Size austenite. Glass sandwich. | 19mm | 68065-19 | 250.00 | |
| 21mm | 68065-21 | 250.00 |

ASTM
E112 Plate 1 Grain Sizing Disc - G42
| Pattern | Description | DIa. | Catalog | Price | |
| G42 | Grain sizing (E112). Glass Sandwich. | 19mm | 68066-19 | 250.00 | |
| 21mm | 68066-21 | 250.00 |

ASTM
Carbide Grain Sizing Chart - G43
| Pattern | Description | DIa. | Catalog | Price | |
| G43 | ASTM Grain Sizing carbide. Glass sandwich. | 19mm | 68067-19 | 250.00 | |
| 21mm | 68067-21 | 250.00 |

ASTM
E45 - G44
| Pattern | Description | DIa. | Catalog | Price | |
| G44 | ASTM E45. Root 2 sides. 7.1mm square. 10mm scale. | 19mm | 68068-19 | 250.00 | |
| 21mm | 68068-21 | 250.00 |

ASTM
E19-46 Grain Sizing Disc - G45
| Pattern | Description | DIa. | Catalog | Price | |
| G45 | ASTM Grain Sizing E19-46. Glass sandwich. | 19mm | 68069-19 | 250.00 | |
| 21mm | 68069-21 | 250.00 |

ASTM
E19-46 Grain Sizing Disc Root 2 - G46
| Pattern | Description | DIa. | Catalog | Price | |
| G46 | ASTM Grain sizing E19-46 Root 2. Glass sanwich. | 19mm | 68070-19 | 250.00 | |
| 21mm | 68070-21 | 250.00 |

Circular
Grid ASTM 24 Points - G54
| Pattern | Description | DIa. | Catalog | Price | |
| G54 | ASTM 24 Point Circular Grid. Glass sandwich. | 16mm | 68084-16 | 250.00 | |
| 19mm | 68084-19 | 250.00 | |||
| 21mm | 68084-21 | 250.00 |

Square
Grid ASTM 25 Points - G55
| Pattern | Description | DIa. | Catalog | Price | |
| G55 | ASTM 25 Point Square Grid. Glass sandwich. | 16mm | 68085-16 | 250.00 | |
| 19mm | 68085-19 | 250.00 | |||
| 21mm | 68085-21 | 250.00 |









