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Why Ultra Small Gold Conjugates
Ultra Small Particle Size
- more gold particles per secondary antibody instead of more antibodies per gold particle
- reduced steric hinderance
- more gold particles per surface area in the specimen
Reduced Molecular Weight
- increased diffusion rates
- ultra small probes behave similar as uncoupled antibodies
Reduced Probe Size
- reduced overall probe size
- reduced hydrodynamic radius (less rigid water coat of water dipoles surrounding negatively charged gold particle)
- significantly increased penetration into sections and tissues
The Choice for Ligand-Receptor Interactions
- each ligand is separate
- no capping or patching, each probe unit consists of a single ligand
Universal Probes
- optimally suited for high resolution EM
- optimally suited for standard immunoelectron microscopy
- optimally suited for immunohistochemistry at the LM level
- optimally suited for bio-assays
One Probe for All Purposes
- direct comparability of results and approaches
- probes can be used for labeling at the LM and EM level